Analysis of the state of knowledge of the interaction between transportinfrastructure and the extent of transport services

Abstract

This paper analyses the relationship between transport infrastructure
capacity and the volume of transport operations, with particular emphasis
on railway systems. Transport infrastructure is considered as a fixed
component of the transport system whose capacity significantly influences
operational stability, service quality, and economic efficiency. The paper
reviews selected analytical and simulation-based methods used worldwide
to assess throughput capacity and discusses current challenges related to
capacity determination in a liberalised railway market. Attention is given
to timetable stability, delay propagation, and the balance between efficient
infrastructure utilisation and operational robustness. From operational,
economic, qualitative, and quantitative perspectives, the study shows that
excessive capacity utilisation leads to instability and reduced quality, while
underutilisation results in economic inefficiencies. The paper concludes that an optimal level of infrastructure utilisation must balance the interests of infrastructure managers and railway undertakings while ensuring reliable and high-quality transport services.